Normally urine flow down from kidneys to bladder. In vesicoureteral reflux, the urine flow from bladder back to the ureters and then to kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux patients often has urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection does not always cause symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they include urge to urintion, burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, or blood in urine. When child gets older, untreated vesicoureteral reflux can damage the kidney functions, leading to symptoms including high blood pressure, protein in urine, as well as bed-wettting and constipation.
How is Vesicoureteral reflux treated in practice?